/* research.css — shared stylesheet for the /research/ publications layer.
   Extracted 2026-08-04 from four pages that each carried a byte-identical
   17,111-character copy inline. Edit here once; it applies to all of them.
   Previously a single styling fix had to be repeated in four files, which is
   how the article-meta-bar defect survived in three of them. */
:root {
      --navy: #0D2B4E; --navy-mid: #1A3D6B; --navy-light: #2E5F94;
      --orange: #E8620A; --orange-light: #FF7A24; --orange-pale: #FFF0E6;
      --white: #FFFFFF; --off-white: #F7F9FC; --gray-100: #F0F4F8;
      --gray-200: #E2E8F0; --gray-600: #4A5568; --gray-800: #1A202C;
      --text: #1A202C; --text-light: #4A5568;
      --rule: #E2E8F0; --surface: #F7F9FC;
      --font-display: 'Playfair Display', Georgia, serif;
      --font-body: 'DM Sans', -apple-system, sans-serif;
      --font-reading: 'Lora', Georgia, serif;
      --radius: 12px; --radius-lg: 20px;
      --shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(13,43,78,0.10);
      --shadow-lg: 0 12px 48px rgba(13,43,78,0.16);
      --transition: 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.4,0,0.2,1);
    }
    *, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
    body { font-family: var(--font-body); font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.7; color: var(--text); background: var(--white); overflow-x: hidden; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
    img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
    a { text-decoration: none; color: inherit; }

    /* Progress bar */
    #read-progress { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; height: 3px; background: var(--orange); width: 0%; z-index: 200; transition: width 0.1s linear; }

    /* ── Nav (site-native) ── */
    .site-header { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 100; background: var(--white); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-200); }
    .nav-container { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 2rem; height: 72px; width: 90%; max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; }
    .logo-link { flex-shrink: 0; }
    .logo-img { height: 52px; width: auto; }
    .main-nav { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.25rem; margin-left: auto; }
    .nav-link { padding: 8px 14px; font-size: 0.92rem; font-weight: 500; color: var(--gray-800); border-radius: 8px; transition: all var(--transition); }
    .nav-link:hover, .nav-link.active { color: var(--orange); background: var(--orange-pale); }
    .nav-dropdown { position: relative; }
    .dropdown-toggle { cursor: pointer; }
    .dropdown-menu { display: none; position: absolute; top: calc(100% + 8px); left: 0; background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--gray-200); border-radius: var(--radius); box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); padding: 8px; min-width: 210px; z-index: 100; }
    .dropdown-menu a { display: block; padding: 10px 14px; font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 500; color: var(--gray-800); border-radius: 8px; transition: all var(--transition); }
    .dropdown-menu a:hover { background: var(--orange-pale); color: var(--orange); }
    .nav-dropdown:hover .dropdown-menu { display: block; }
    .nav-cta { margin-left: 1rem; }
    .btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; padding: 10px 22px; border-radius: var(--radius); font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.95rem; cursor: pointer; border: 2px solid transparent; transition: all var(--transition); }
    .btn-primary { background: var(--orange); color: var(--white); border-color: var(--orange); }
    .btn-primary:hover { background: var(--orange-light); border-color: var(--orange-light); }
    .hamburger { display: none; flex-direction: column; gap: 5px; background: none; border: none; cursor: pointer; padding: 8px; margin-left: auto; }
    .hamburger span { display: block; width: 24px; height: 2px; background: var(--navy); border-radius: 2px; transition: all var(--transition); }
    @media (max-width: 900px) {
      .main-nav { display: none; }
      .main-nav.open { display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: fixed; top: 72px; left: 0; right: 0; background: var(--white); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-200); padding: 16px; gap: 4px; z-index: 99; }
      .hamburger { display: flex; }
      .nav-cta { display: none; }
    }

    /* ── Article hero ── */
    .article-hero {
      background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--navy) 0%, var(--navy-mid) 65%);
      padding: 72px 0 60px; position: relative; overflow: hidden;
    }
    .article-hero::before {
      content: ''; position: absolute; inset: 0;
      background: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(255,255,255,0.018) 0,rgba(255,255,255,0.018) 1px,transparent 1px,transparent 80px);
      pointer-events: none;
    }
    .hero-inner { width: 90%; max-width: 860px; margin: 0 auto; position: relative; }
    .article-tag {
      display: inline-block; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.14em; text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--orange-light); border: 1px solid rgba(255,122,36,0.4);
      padding: 4px 14px; border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 24px;
    }
    .article-hero h1 { font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: clamp(26px,3.8vw,44px); font-weight: 700; color: var(--white); line-height: 1.18; margin-bottom: 18px; }
    .article-hero .subtitle { font-size: 17px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.65); max-width: 660px; line-height: 1.65; margin-bottom: 40px; }
    .article-meta-bar { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 20px; align-items: center; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.12); padding-top: 28px; }
    .meta-author { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; }
    .author-avatar { width: 42px; height: 42px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--navy-light); border: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.2); display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--white); flex-shrink: 0; }
    .author-name { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--white); }
    .author-role { font-size: 12px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); }
    .meta-stats { display: flex; gap: 20px; margin-left: auto; flex-wrap: wrap; }
    .meta-stat { font-size: 12px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); }
    .meta-stat strong { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85); font-weight: 600; }

    /* ── Layout ── */
    .article-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 280px; gap: 0 56px; width: 90%; max-width: 1100px; margin: 0 auto; align-items: start; }
    article { padding: 64px 0 80px; min-width: 0; }
    .sidebar { padding: 64px 0; position: sticky; top: 88px; }

    /* ── Article typography ── */
    .abstract-box { background: var(--surface); border-left: 4px solid var(--navy-light); padding: 28px 32px; margin-bottom: 52px; border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0; }
    .abstract-label { font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--navy-light); margin-bottom: 10px; }
    .abstract-box p { font-family: var(--font-reading); font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.8; color: var(--text); }
    .keywords { margin-top: 14px; font-size: 13px; color: var(--text-light); }
    .keywords strong { color: var(--navy); font-weight: 600; }

    h2.sec { font-family: var(--font-body); font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--orange); margin: 60px 0 20px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--gray-200); }
    h3.sub { font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 21px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); margin: 36px 0 14px; line-height: 1.3; }
    h4.sub2 { font-family: var(--font-body); font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy-mid); margin: 24px 0 10px; }

    article p { font-family: var(--font-reading); font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.85; color: var(--text); margin-bottom: 20px; }
    article p + p { text-indent: 1.4em; }
    article strong { font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); font-family: var(--font-body); font-size: 16px; }
    article em { font-style: italic; }
    sup.ref { font-family: var(--font-body); font-size: 11px; color: var(--orange); font-weight: 600; margin-left: 1px; }

    blockquote { border-left: 4px solid var(--orange); margin: 36px 0; padding: 20px 28px; background: var(--orange-pale); border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0; }
    blockquote p { font-style: italic; font-size: 16px; color: var(--gray-600); margin: 0; text-indent: 0 !important; }

    /* Convergence table */
    .table-wrap { overflow-x: auto; margin: 28px 0 8px; border-radius: var(--radius); border: 1px solid var(--gray-200); }
    table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: var(--font-body); font-size: 13px; }
    thead th { background: var(--navy); color: var(--white); padding: 11px 14px; text-align: center; font-weight: 600; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.04em; }
    thead th:first-child { text-align: left; }
    tbody tr:nth-child(even) { background: var(--surface); }
    tbody td { padding: 10px 14px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-200); text-align: center; color: var(--text-light); }
    tbody td:first-child { text-align: left; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); }
    tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }
    .dot-full { color: var(--navy-light); font-size: 16px; }
    .dot-empty { color: var(--gray-200); font-size: 16px; }
    .table-caption { font-size: 12px; color: var(--text-light); text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; font-style: italic; }

    /* IAHG layers */
    .iahg { margin: 40px 0; font-family: var(--font-body); }
    .layer { border-radius: 10px; padding: 16px 22px; margin-bottom: 5px; display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 16px; transition: box-shadow 0.2s; }
    .layer:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow); }
    .l5 { background: rgba(13,43,78,0.05); }
    .l4 { background: rgba(13,43,78,0.09); }
    .l3 { background: rgba(13,43,78,0.14); }
    .l2 { background: rgba(13,43,78,0.20); }
    .l1 { background: var(--navy); }
    .layer-num { font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.1em; min-width: 60px; padding-top: 3px; flex-shrink: 0; }
    .l5 .layer-num, .l4 .layer-num, .l3 .layer-num { color: var(--text-light); }
    .l2 .layer-num { color: var(--navy-mid); }
    .l1 .layer-num { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); }
    .layer-title { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; }
    .l5 .layer-title, .l4 .layer-title, .l3 .layer-title, .l2 .layer-title { color: var(--navy); }
    .l1 .layer-title { color: var(--white); }
    .layer-desc { font-size: 12px; margin-top: 3px; }
    .l5 .layer-desc, .l4 .layer-desc, .l3 .layer-desc { color: var(--text-light); }
    .l2 .layer-desc { color: var(--navy-mid); }
    .l1 .layer-desc { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6); }
    .layer-src { margin-left: auto; font-size: 11px; font-style: italic; flex-shrink: 0; padding-top: 4px; color: var(--text-light); }
    .l1 .layer-src { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.4); }

    /* References */
    .references { padding-top: 48px; border-top: 2px solid var(--gray-200); }
    .ref-list { list-style: decimal; padding-left: 22px; font-family: var(--font-reading); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.75; color: var(--text); }
    .ref-list li { margin-bottom: 10px; }
    .footnote-block { margin-top: 28px; font-family: var(--font-reading); font-size: 13px; color: var(--text-light); line-height: 1.65; }

    /* ── Sidebar ── */
    .sidebar-card { background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--gray-200); border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden; margin-bottom: 20px; box-shadow: var(--shadow); }
    .sidebar-card-head { background: var(--navy); padding: 14px 18px; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7); }
    .sidebar-card-body { padding: 18px; }

    /* PDF form */
    .pdf-icon { font-size: 24px; margin-bottom: 10px; }
    .pdf-title { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 6px; }
    .pdf-desc { font-size: 12px; color: var(--text-light); line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 14px; }
    .pdf-form input[type="email"] { width: 100%; padding: 9px 12px; border: 1px solid var(--gray-200); border-radius: 8px; font-size: 13px; font-family: var(--font-body); color: var(--text); margin-bottom: 10px; outline: none; transition: border-color 0.2s; }
    .pdf-form input[type="email"]:focus { border-color: var(--navy-light); }
    .pdf-form button { width: 100%; padding: 10px; background: var(--navy); color: var(--white); border: none; border-radius: 8px; font-family: var(--font-body); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; cursor: pointer; transition: background 0.2s; }
    .pdf-form button:hover { background: var(--navy-mid); }
    .pdf-success { display: none; font-size: 13px; color: #2a7a4a; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; font-weight: 600; }
    .privacy-note { font-size: 11px; color: var(--text-light); text-align: center; margin-top: 8px; }

    /* TOC */
    .toc-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; }
    .toc-list li { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-200); }
    .toc-list li:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
    .toc-list a { display: block; padding: 8px 0; font-size: 12px; color: var(--text-light); transition: color 0.2s; line-height: 1.4; }
    .toc-list a:hover { color: var(--navy); }
    .toc-list a.active { color: var(--orange); font-weight: 600; }

    /* Author sidebar */
    .author-bio-card { display: flex; gap: 12px; align-items: flex-start; margin-bottom: 12px; }
    .bio-avatar { width: 42px; height: 42px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--navy); color: var(--white); display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; flex-shrink: 0; }
    .bio-name { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); }
    .bio-role-txt { font-size: 12px; color: var(--text-light); }
    .bio-desc { font-size: 12px; color: var(--text-light); line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 10px; }
    .bio-link { font-size: 12px; color: var(--orange); font-weight: 600; }
    .bio-link:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

    /* Share */
    .share-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; }
    .share-btn { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; padding: 9px 14px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid var(--gray-200); color: var(--navy); transition: background 0.2s; }
    .share-btn:hover { background: var(--off-white); }

    /* Footer (site-native) */
    .site-footer { background: var(--navy); color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7); padding: 64px 0 0; }
    .footer-inner { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr 1fr; gap: 40px; width: 90%; max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; padding-bottom: 48px; }
    .footer-brand p { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; margin-top: 16px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.55); }
    .footer-tagline { font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.4); margin-top: 8px; }
    .footer-logo { height: 44px; width: auto; }
    .footer-social { display: flex; gap: 12px; margin-top: 20px; }
    .footer-social a { width: 36px; height: 36px; border-radius: 8px; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.08); display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7); transition: background 0.2s; }
    .footer-social a:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.16); color: var(--white); }
    .footer-col h4 { font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); margin-bottom: 16px; }
    .footer-col a, .footer-col span { display: block; font-size: 14px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.65); margin-bottom: 10px; transition: color 0.2s; }
    .footer-col a:hover { color: var(--white); }
    .footer-bottom { border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.08); padding: 20px 0; }
    .footer-bottom .container { width: 90%; max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; font-size: 13px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.35); }
    .footer-bottom a { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.4); transition: color 0.2s; }
    .footer-bottom a:hover { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7); }

    /* Sticky CTA (site-native) */
    .sticky-cta-bar { position: fixed; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; background: var(--navy); padding: 14px 0; z-index: 90; transform: translateY(100%); transition: transform 0.4s ease; border-top: 2px solid var(--orange); }
    .sticky-cta-bar.visible { transform: translateY(0); }
    .sticky-cta-bar.dismissed { display: none; }
    .sticky-cta-inner { width: 90%; max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; }
    .sticky-cta-text { font-size: 14px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85); }
    .sticky-cta-text strong { color: var(--white); }
    .sticky-cta-actions { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; }
    .sticky-cta-dismiss { background: none; border: none; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); font-size: 22px; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1; padding: 0 4px; transition: color 0.2s; }
    .sticky-cta-dismiss:hover { color: var(--white); }

    @media (max-width: 900px) {
      .article-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; width: 92%; }
      .sidebar { display: none; }
      .article-hero { padding: 48px 0 40px; }
      .footer-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
      .sticky-cta-text { font-size: 12px; }
    }
    @media (max-width: 560px) {
      .footer-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
      .footer-bottom .container { flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; }
    }